Squamous cell cancer

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Treatment of cancer typically involves surgery to remove tumors and nearby lymph nodes to which the cancer may have spread, combined with radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy. The latter two target cells in the body that are rapidly dividing. This includes the cancer cells but also certain healthy ones, which is the reason for the severe side effects of these treatments.

The term cancer is very broad and covers many different illnesses including:

Carcinoma (arising from epithelial cells)
Bladder carcinoma
Breast cancer
Cervical cancer
Colorectal cancer (includes colon, rectum, anus, and appendix)
Esophageal cancer
Endometrial cancer (uterus)
Hepatocellular carcinoma (liver)
Laryngeal cancer
Lung cancer
Oral cancer
Ovarian cancer
Pancreatic cancer
Prostate cancer
Renal cell carcinoma (kidney)
Skin cancer
Stomach cancer
Testicular cancer
Thyroid cancer
Sarcoma (arising from connective tissue and related)
Gastrointestinal stromal cell tumor (GIST)
Rhabdomyosarcoma (muscle)
Osteosarcoma (bone)
Hematological malignancies (blood and bone marrow)
Leukemia
Lymphomas
Hodgkin's disease
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
Multiple myeloma
Miscellaneous
Brain tumor
Melanoma, Moles and dysplastic nevi
Teratoma

A cell that degenerates into a tumor cell does usually not acquire all these properties at once, but its daughter cells are selected to build them. This process is called cellular evolution. A first step in the development of a tumor cell is usually a small change in the DNA, often a point mutation, which leads, among other things, to a genetic instability of the cell. The instability increases to a point where the cell loses whole chromosomes, or has double ones. Also, the DNA methylation pattern of the cell changes, activating and deactivating genes more or less at random. Cells that divide at a high rate, such as stem cells, show a higher risk of becoming tumor cells than those which divide less or not at all, for example neurons. If the initial tumor cell (or group of tumor cells) is not removed by the immune system, it will develop into cancer.

Cancer Network.com
Information resource aimed at health professionals. Requires registration.
Yahoo Health: Radiation Therapy Center
Information including basic facts, what to expect and side effects.
CancerSource
Provides information about prevention, detection, diagnosis, treatment and symptom management. Offers access to news, support groups and email lists.
Cancer Page
Information and community resources including chat rooms, message boards, physician directory and clinical trials.
DIPEx: Cancer
Includes audio and video interviews of patient experiences.

Squamous cell cancer