Different types of cancer

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Carcinogenesis (lit.: creation of cancer) is the process of derangement of the rate of cell division.

Cancers are capable of spreading through the body by two mechanisms: local invasion and distant metastasis. Invasion refers to the direct migration and penetration by cancer cells into neighboring tissues. Metastasis refers to the ability of cancer cells to penetrate into lymphatic and blood vessels, circulate through the bloodstream, and then invade normal tissues elsewhere in the body. Cancer is most deadly when it metastasizes.

For most of the cancers, it cannot be told which event was the initial cause. However, with molecular biology, it is possible to characterize the mutations within a tumor, and to a certain extent predict its behavior. For example, about half of the tumors are deficient in the tumor suppressor gene p53, also known as "the guardian of the genome". This is associated with poor prospects for the patient, since those tumor cells are unlikely to go into apoptosis (programmed cell death) after they are damaged by therapy. There are more mutations that make a tumor more malignant. Telomerase mutations enable a tumor cell to divide indefinitely. Other mutations enable the tumor to grow new blood vessels to feed it, or to detach from the surrounding tissue, spreading to other parts of the body.

NetHealthBook: Cancer
Symptoms, diagnostic tests and treatments of the most common cancers are described.
CancerBACUP
Information and support from this UK organization which addresses many of the types of tumors. Includes access to online booklets and other resources.
Cancer Rates And Risks
Provides international incidence and mortality rates including information about risk factors. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute.
Cancer Matters
Contains information, treatment options, and resources on a range of cancers. Also includes links to general resources, and a directory of services and resources located in a number of US cities.
People Living With Cancer
Patient information from the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

Different types of cancer