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Malignant tumors such as carcinoma or sarcoma, lymphoma or leukemia originate from a cell or a group of cells in a multicellular organism that has several distinct properties:

  • evading apoptosis
  • Unlimited Growth Potential
  • self-sufficiency of growth factors
  • insensitivity to anti-growth factors
  • increased cell division rate
  • altered differentiation (specialization) ability
  • no ability for contact inhibition
  • ability to invade neighbouring tissue
  • ability to build metastases
  • ability to promote blood vessel growth (angiogenesis)

Carcinogenesis (lit.: creation of cancer) is the process of derangement of the rate of cell division.

In cellular model systems, cells are exposed to carcinogenic influences (chemicals, radiation). In these systems, the first signs of a cell developing into a tumor cell are:

  • Immortality. The usual number of cell divisions for a mammalian cell is 50-60 (cell senescence), then it ceases to divide. Tumor cells keep dividing forever.
  • Altered morphology.
  • Building of cellular clusters (Foci).
  • Loss of contact inhibition.
  • Low or no need for growth factors.

Items 2-4 (above) can sometimes be traced to mutations in genes that result in a disruption of cell adhesion. Some cell adhesion proteins are oncogenes.

  • MedicineNet: Cancer
    Presents information such as prevention and treatment side-effects. Also gives resources including links, articles and support groups.
  • WebMD Health: Cancer
    Consumer health site which includes information for the newly diagnosed, as well as for those coping with chemotherapy.
  • Nature: Cancer Update
    Service which provides access to news articles and reports about recent research activity. Registration required.
  • Romanian Cancer League
    Eastern European organization with aims of education, prevention, treatment, support and advocacy.
  • Cancer Site Finder.com
    Offers a searchable database of cancer related websites with descriptions of each. Allows users to search by topic, feature, or quality standard.