Cancers

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Carcinogenesis (lit.: creation of cancer) is the process of derangement of the rate of cell division.

In cellular model systems, cells are exposed to carcinogenic influences (chemicals, radiation). In these systems, the first signs of a cell developing into a tumor cell are:

  • Immortality. The usual number of cell divisions for a mammalian cell is 50-60 (cell senescence), then it ceases to divide. Tumor cells keep dividing forever.
  • Altered morphology.
  • Building of cellular clusters (Foci).
  • Loss of contact inhibition.
  • Low or no need for growth factors.

Items 2-4 (above) can sometimes be traced to mutations in genes that result in a disruption of cell adhesion. Some cell adhesion proteins are oncogenes.

The field of medicine concerned with the treatment of cancer is oncology. Cancer has become an important problem with the rise in life expectancy, as the abovementioned mutations become more likely the longer a person lives. Though great progress in treatment has been made, most cancers in advanced stages remain incurable and ultimately fatal.

  • Rare Adult & Pediatric Cancers
    Provides information, support, forums, links and news.
  • CancerBACUP
    Information and support from this UK organization which addresses many of the types of tumors. Includes access to online booklets and other resources.
  • CancerSupportChat.org
    Presents access to online discussion, chat and support.
  • Cancer Advice UK
    Advice and information about diagnosis and treatment issues. Includes leaflets, book suggestions, links and support groups.
  • The "Y" Cancer Foundation
    AOL discussion group aimed at providing information and support.