Types of cancer

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Malignant tumors such as carcinoma or sarcoma, lymphoma or leukemia originate from a cell or a group of cells in a multicellular organism that has several distinct properties:

  • evading apoptosis
  • Unlimited Growth Potential
  • self-sufficiency of growth factors
  • insensitivity to anti-growth factors
  • increased cell division rate
  • altered differentiation (specialization) ability
  • no ability for contact inhibition
  • ability to invade neighbouring tissue
  • ability to build metastases
  • ability to promote blood vessel growth (angiogenesis)

Cancers are capable of spreading through the body by two mechanisms: local invasion and distant metastasis. Invasion refers to the direct migration and penetration by cancer cells into neighboring tissues. Metastasis refers to the ability of cancer cells to penetrate into lymphatic and blood vessels, circulate through the bloodstream, and then invade normal tissues elsewhere in the body. Cancer is most deadly when it metastasizes.

Treatment of cancer typically involves surgery to remove tumors and nearby lymph nodes to which the cancer may have spread, combined with radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy. The latter two target cells in the body that are rapidly dividing. This includes the cancer cells but also certain healthy ones, which is the reason for the severe side effects of these treatments.

  • CancerSupportChat.org
    Presents access to online discussion, chat and support.
  • About.com: Cancer
    Presents general overview information on many of the main kinds of tumors. Includes news, doctor search, glossary and access to support hotlines.
  • CancerSource
    Provides information about prevention, detection, diagnosis, treatment and symptom management. Offers access to news, support groups and email lists.
  • Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea And Vomiting
    A detailed review of this subject in pdf format aimed at the professional level.
  • Cancer Information Services
    Information from the U.S. National Cancer Institute including access to links, press releases and publications.