High cholesterol

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A large part of this mechanism was clarified by Dr Michael S. Brown and Dr Joseph L. Goldstein, who received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in 1985.

Cholesterol is a steroid lipid, found in the body tissues (and blood plasma) of vertebrates. It can be found in large concentrations within the liver, spinal cord, and brain. It plays a central role in many biochemical processes, but is best known for causing cardiovascular disease when present in elevated levels.

The production is directly regulated by the present cholesterol levels, and a higher intake in food leads to a net decrease in endogenous production. The main regulatory mechanism is the sensing of intracellular cholesterol in the endoplasmic reticulum by the protein SREBP (Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1 and 2). In the presence of cholesterol, SREBP is bound to two other proteins: SCAP (SREBP-cleavage activating protein) and Insig-1. When cholesterol levels fall, Insig-1 dissociates from the SREBP-SCAP complex, allowing the complex to migrate to the Golgi apparatus, where SREBP is cleaved by S1P and S2P (site 1/2 protease), two enzymes that are activated by SCAP when cholesterol levels are low. The cleaved SREBP then migrates to the nucleus and acts as a transcription factor to bind to the "Sterol Regulatory Element" of a number of genes to stimulate their transcription. Amongst the genes transcribed are the LDL receptor and HMG-CoA reductase. The former scavenges circulating LDL from the bloodstream, while HMG-CoA reductase leads to an increase of endogenous production of cholesterol.

Lipid Clinic
For the public and healthcare professionals to learn about the evaluation and treatment of high cholesterol and lipid abnormalities.
InteliHealth: Cholesterol
Includes basic information, treatment options, and an ask-the-expert section. Reviewed by Harvard Medical School.
Good News In Cholesterol
Offers information on how to maintain healthy cholesterol levels. With cholesterol calculation tools and healthy recipes, users learn how lead a healthy lifestyle vital in the prevention of heart disease and stroke.
Veritas Medicine
Clinical trial listings for high cholesterol. Perform a personalized search to find ongoing clinical trials that match your needs.
US Food And Drug Administration
Information regarding keeping cholesterol under control. An article by John Henkel.

High cholesterol