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In medicine, cancer is a general term for any of a number of different diseases where some of the body's own cells divide in an uncontrolled manner. The resulting new cells can form a malignant tumor (a neoplasm) or propagate throughout the body.

A cell that degenerates into a tumor cell does usually not acquire all these properties at once, but its daughter cells are selected to build them. This process is called cellular evolution. A first step in the development of a tumor cell is usually a small change in the DNA, often a point mutation, which leads, among other things, to a genetic instability of the cell. The instability increases to a point where the cell loses whole chromosomes, or has double ones. Also, the DNA methylation pattern of the cell changes, activating and deactivating genes more or less at random. Cells that divide at a high rate, such as stem cells, show a higher risk of becoming tumor cells than those which divide less or not at all, for example neurons. If the initial tumor cell (or group of tumor cells) is not removed by the immune system, it will develop into cancer.

Treatment of cancer typically involves surgery to remove tumors and nearby lymph nodes to which the cancer may have spread, combined with radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy. The latter two target cells in the body that are rapidly dividing. This includes the cancer cells but also certain healthy ones, which is the reason for the severe side effects of these treatments.

  • CancerNausea.com
    Presents information to help manage nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy or radiation treatments.
  • Shirley's Wellness Cafe
    Promotes holistic and alternative approaches for cancer prevention and treatment.
  • InteliHealth: Cancer
    Medical information, articles and news covering a variety of tumors and related issues.
  • Mount Zion: Hyperthermia Treatment
    Provides information about this treatment and research modality for use in cancer at the University of California at San Francisco.
  • Cancer Nutrition Center
    Explores the link between tumors and nutrition. Offers dietary advice for patients.