Lung cancer pictures

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The term cancer is very broad and covers many different illnesses including:

  • Carcinoma (arising from epithelial cells)
  • Bladder carcinoma
  • Breast cancer
  • Cervical cancer
  • Colorectal cancer (includes colon, rectum, anus, and appendix)
  • Esophageal cancer
  • Endometrial cancer (uterus)
  • Hepatocellular carcinoma (liver)
  • Laryngeal cancer
  • Lung cancer
  • Oral cancer
  • Ovarian cancer
  • Pancreatic cancer
  • Prostate cancer
  • Renal cell carcinoma (kidney)
  • Skin cancer
  • Stomach cancer
  • Testicular cancer
  • Thyroid cancer
  • Sarcoma (arising from connective tissue and related)
  • Gastrointestinal stromal cell tumor (GIST)
  • Rhabdomyosarcoma (muscle)
  • Osteosarcoma (bone)
  • Hematological malignancies (blood and bone marrow)
  • Leukemia
  • Lymphomas
  • Hodgkin's disease
  • Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
  • Multiple myeloma
  • Miscellaneous
  • Brain tumor
  • Melanoma, Moles and dysplastic nevi
  • Teratoma

The field of medicine concerned with the treatment of cancer is oncology. Cancer has become an important problem with the rise in life expectancy, as the abovementioned mutations become more likely the longer a person lives. Though great progress in treatment has been made, most cancers in advanced stages remain incurable and ultimately fatal.

For most of the cancers, it cannot be told which event was the initial cause. However, with molecular biology, it is possible to characterize the mutations within a tumor, and to a certain extent predict its behavior. For example, about half of the tumors are deficient in the tumor suppressor gene p53, also known as "the guardian of the genome". This is associated with poor prospects for the patient, since those tumor cells are unlikely to go into apoptosis (programmed cell death) after they are damaged by therapy. There are more mutations that make a tumor more malignant. Telomerase mutations enable a tumor cell to divide indefinitely. Other mutations enable the tumor to grow new blood vessels to feed it, or to detach from the surrounding tissue, spreading to other parts of the body.