Lung cancer survival rates
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Cancer is, ultimately, a disease of genes. Typically, a series of several mutations is required before a cell becomes a cancer cell. We distinguish between oncogenes, which promote cancer when "switched on" by a mutation, and tumor suppressor genes, which prevent cancer unless "switched off" by a mutation. These mutations can have various causes: radiation or chemicals called carcinogens; some inherited predisposition is not uncommon; some viruses that can cause cancer have also been described. Usually, they carry in their genome some oncogene or tumor suppressor inactivating gene. In about 15% of all cancers, viruses seem to play a role; Bacteria, like Helicobacter pylori, also induce carcinogenesis by a process of chronic inflammation. Finally, damage by free radicals, which are a natural by-product of oxygen metabolism, can cause mutations in the DNA.
The term cancer is very broad and covers many different illnesses including:
- Carcinoma (arising from epithelial cells)
- Bladder carcinoma
- Breast cancer
- Cervical cancer
- Colorectal cancer (includes colon, rectum, anus, and appendix)
- Esophageal cancer
- Endometrial cancer (uterus)
- Hepatocellular carcinoma (liver)
- Laryngeal cancer
- Lung cancer
- Oral cancer
- Ovarian cancer
- Pancreatic cancer
- Prostate cancer
- Renal cell carcinoma (kidney)
- Skin cancer
- Stomach cancer
- Testicular cancer
- Thyroid cancer
- Sarcoma (arising from connective tissue and related)
- Gastrointestinal stromal cell tumor (GIST)
- Rhabdomyosarcoma (muscle)
- Osteosarcoma (bone)
- Hematological malignancies (blood and bone marrow)
- Leukemia
- Lymphomas
- Hodgkin's disease
- Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
- Multiple myeloma
- Miscellaneous
- Brain tumor
- Melanoma, Moles and dysplastic nevi
- Teratoma
Treatment of cancer typically involves surgery to remove tumors and nearby lymph nodes to which the cancer may have spread, combined with radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy. The latter two target cells in the body that are rapidly dividing. This includes the cancer cells but also certain healthy ones, which is the reason for the severe side effects of these treatments.
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- CancerFit
Details the activities of a program at the Sedona Racquet Club in Arizona. Designed to help survivors maintain good physical, emotional and spiritual fitness. - Shirley's Wellness Cafe
Promotes holistic and alternative approaches for cancer prevention and treatment. - Cancer Rates And Risks
Provides international incidence and mortality rates including information about risk factors. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute. - NetHealthBook: Cancer
Symptoms, diagnostic tests and treatments of the most common cancers are described. - Hematology Oncology News & Issues
Headline news and articles for cancer professionals and patients.