Symptoms of liver cancer

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In cellular model systems, cells are exposed to carcinogenic influences (chemicals, radiation). In these systems, the first signs of a cell developing into a tumor cell are:

Immortality. The usual number of cell divisions for a mammalian cell is 50-60 (cell senescence), then it ceases to divide. Tumor cells keep dividing forever.
Altered morphology.
Building of cellular clusters (Foci).
Loss of contact inhibition.
Low or no need for growth factors.

Items 2-4 (above) can sometimes be traced to mutations in genes that result in a disruption of cell adhesion. Some cell adhesion proteins are oncogenes.

A cell that degenerates into a tumor cell does usually not acquire all these properties at once, but its daughter cells are selected to build them. This process is called cellular evolution. A first step in the development of a tumor cell is usually a small change in the DNA, often a point mutation, which leads, among other things, to a genetic instability of the cell. The instability increases to a point where the cell loses whole chromosomes, or has double ones. Also, the DNA methylation pattern of the cell changes, activating and deactivating genes more or less at random. Cells that divide at a high rate, such as stem cells, show a higher risk of becoming tumor cells than those which divide less or not at all, for example neurons. If the initial tumor cell (or group of tumor cells) is not removed by the immune system, it will develop into cancer.

The term cancer is very broad and covers many different illnesses including:

Carcinoma (arising from epithelial cells)
Bladder carcinoma
Breast cancer
Cervical cancer
Colorectal cancer (includes colon, rectum, anus, and appendix)
Esophageal cancer
Endometrial cancer (uterus)
Hepatocellular carcinoma (liver)
Laryngeal cancer
Lung cancer
Oral cancer
Ovarian cancer
Pancreatic cancer
Prostate cancer
Renal cell carcinoma (kidney)
Skin cancer
Stomach cancer
Testicular cancer
Thyroid cancer
Sarcoma (arising from connective tissue and related)
Gastrointestinal stromal cell tumor (GIST)
Rhabdomyosarcoma (muscle)
Osteosarcoma (bone)
Hematological malignancies (blood and bone marrow)
Leukemia
Lymphomas
Hodgkin's disease
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
Multiple myeloma
Miscellaneous
Brain tumor
Melanoma, Moles and dysplastic nevi
Teratoma

Cancer Page
Information and community resources including chat rooms, message boards, physician directory and clinical trials.
Cancer Forums
Online discussions on various types of cancers. Includes topics such as coping, support, clinical trials and treatment options.
Cancerlinksusa.com
Information and links for all types of tumors.
Cancer Options UK
Designed to help patients and families find appropriate treatment options and services. Provides access to a nurse specialist.
Oncology Interactive Education Series
Commercial audio-visual educational resources for patients.

Symptoms of liver cancer