Uterine cancer symptoms

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In cellular model systems, cells are exposed to carcinogenic influences (chemicals, radiation). In these systems, the first signs of a cell developing into a tumor cell are:

Immortality. The usual number of cell divisions for a mammalian cell is 50-60 (cell senescence), then it ceases to divide. Tumor cells keep dividing forever.
Altered morphology.
Building of cellular clusters (Foci).
Loss of contact inhibition.
Low or no need for growth factors.

Items 2-4 (above) can sometimes be traced to mutations in genes that result in a disruption of cell adhesion. Some cell adhesion proteins are oncogenes.

For most of the cancers, it cannot be told which event was the initial cause. However, with molecular biology, it is possible to characterize the mutations within a tumor, and to a certain extent predict its behavior. For example, about half of the tumors are deficient in the tumor suppressor gene p53, also known as "the guardian of the genome". This is associated with poor prospects for the patient, since those tumor cells are unlikely to go into apoptosis (programmed cell death) after they are damaged by therapy. There are more mutations that make a tumor more malignant. Telomerase mutations enable a tumor cell to divide indefinitely. Other mutations enable the tumor to grow new blood vessels to feed it, or to detach from the surrounding tissue, spreading to other parts of the body.

Carcinogenesis (lit.: creation of cancer) is the process of derangement of the rate of cell division.

Cancer Mondial
The International Agency for Research on Cancer provides access to reports and databases on occurrence and characteristics.
Cancer Leadership Council
A patient-centered forum of national advocacy organizations addressing public policy issues.
Cancer Options UK
Designed to help patients and families find appropriate treatment options and services. Provides access to a nurse specialist.
CancerSource
Provides information about prevention, detection, diagnosis, treatment and symptom management. Offers access to news, support groups and email lists.
Cancer Advice UK
Advice and information about diagnosis and treatment issues. Includes leaflets, book suggestions, links and support groups.

Uterine cancer symptoms