Causes of cancer

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Malignant tumors such as carcinoma or sarcoma, lymphoma or leukemia originate from a cell or a group of cells in a multicellular organism that has several distinct properties:

  • evading apoptosis
  • Unlimited Growth Potential
  • self-sufficiency of growth factors
  • insensitivity to anti-growth factors
  • increased cell division rate
  • altered differentiation (specialization) ability
  • no ability for contact inhibition
  • ability to invade neighbouring tissue
  • ability to build metastases
  • ability to promote blood vessel growth (angiogenesis)

The field of medicine concerned with the treatment of cancer is oncology. Cancer has become an important problem with the rise in life expectancy, as the abovementioned mutations become more likely the longer a person lives. Though great progress in treatment has been made, most cancers in advanced stages remain incurable and ultimately fatal.

Cancers are capable of spreading through the body by two mechanisms: local invasion and distant metastasis. Invasion refers to the direct migration and penetration by cancer cells into neighboring tissues. Metastasis refers to the ability of cancer cells to penetrate into lymphatic and blood vessels, circulate through the bloodstream, and then invade normal tissues elsewhere in the body. Cancer is most deadly when it metastasizes.

  • MedicineNet: Cancer
    Presents information such as prevention and treatment side-effects. Also gives resources including links, articles and support groups.
  • CancerDirect
    Patient consultation service offering treatment advice, online second opinions and oncologist referral for individual disease.
  • Cancer Rates And Risks
    Provides international incidence and mortality rates including information about risk factors. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute.
  • Cancer Consultants.com
    Provides information on treatment and prevention for patients and professionals.
  • Conversations In Care
    Explores the challenges surrounding physician and patient communications in cancer.